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Applications

For every source
and every destination

Well water, canal, river, lake or sea — we treat it to make it fit for your specific use.

Ions and contaminants in water

Reverse osmosis membrane types

Classification by working pressure and recommended applications
Type Working pressure Applications Advantages
Low Pressure RO
 5–15 bar73–218 psi Drinking water treatment, residential and commercial systems, light industrial applications. High energy efficiency and lower operating cost. Ideal for energy savings without compromising water quality.
Standard Pressure
 15–30 bar218–435 psi Well water and surface water desalination, drinking water systems and commercial applications. Excellent adaptability and efficiency. Versatile option for multiple water treatment needs.
High Pressure RO
 30–70 bar435–1,015 psi Seawater desalination and heavy industrial applications requiring high removal of salts and contaminants. Designed for high-salinity water. Require more energy and higher operating costs.
Ultra High Pressure
 70–120 bar+1,015–1,740 psi+ Extreme seawater desalination and specialized applications requiring maximum salt and contaminant reduction. Highest salt rejection capacity. Essential where the highest water quality is required, despite high energy consumption.
Low Pressure RO
5–15 bar · 73–218 psi
ApplicationsDrinking water treatment, residential and commercial systems, light industrial applications.
AdvantagesHigh energy efficiency and lower operating cost. Ideal for energy savings without compromising water quality.
Standard Pressure
15–30 bar · 218–435 psi
ApplicationsWell water and surface water desalination, drinking water systems and commercial applications.
AdvantagesExcellent adaptability and efficiency. Versatile option for multiple water treatment needs.
High Pressure RO
30–70 bar · 435–1,015 psi
ApplicationsSeawater desalination and heavy industrial applications requiring high removal of salts and contaminants.
AdvantagesDesigned for high-salinity water. Require more energy and higher operating costs.
Ultra High Pressure
70–120 bar+ · 1,015–1,740 psi+
ApplicationsExtreme seawater desalination and specialized applications requiring maximum salt and contaminant reduction.
AdvantagesHighest salt rejection capacity. Essential where the highest water quality is required, despite high energy consumption.

Regulatory framework and sources

Chilean and international standards applied to each type of water

The ranges and classifications we apply for each type of water are based on the Chilean regulatory framework, administered by the Chilean National Institute of Standardization (INN), and on internationally referenced agronomic and industrial technical guidelines.

1

Water for Agricultural Irrigation

Primary official source
Chilean Standard NCh1333 (Of. 78, amended in 1987) — "Water quality requirements for different uses".

This standard sets the official acceptable pH range between 5.5 and 9.0.

Technical classification source (Conductivity)

The conductivity thresholds (<750, 750–1,500, 1,500–3,000, >3,000 μS/cm) and their use restrictions are aligned with the salinity criteria of the United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) and the FAO Water Quality for Agriculture manual (FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 29), which is the international standard that NCh1333 adopts to interpret the osmotic effects on plants.

2

Drinking Water (Human Consumption)

Official source
Chilean Standard NCh409/1 (Of. 2005) — "Drinking Water — Part 1: Requirements".

Sets the mandatory official pH range between 6.5 and 8.5.

Sets the maximum limit of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) at 1,000 mg/L, which in Chilean distribution networks is normatively equivalent to a ceiling of electrical conductivity of approximately 1,500 μS/cm (based on an average conversion factor of 0.65–0.7). Beyond this threshold, the water is considered unfit due to organoleptic considerations (taste).

3

Industrial Water (Processes and Boilers)

Technical reference source
Design manuals of the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) and guidelines from global reverse osmosis membrane manufacturers (DuPont FilmTec, Hydranautics and Toray).

Unlike drinking or irrigation water, industrial water is not governed by a single health law, but by the mechanical requirements of the equipment. The general recommendation to keep feed water below 500 μS/cm (and with controlled pH) aims to prevent exceeding the saturation limit of critical compounds such as silica (SiO₂) and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃).

4

Water for Recreation (Vacation Homes / Resorts)

Official source
Chilean Standard NCh1333 — specific section of requirements for Water for Recreation involving direct contact.

Sets the official pH range between 6.5 and 8.3 for the sole purpose of avoiding epithelial or ocular irritation in bathers and safeguarding the effectiveness of sanitary disinfection processes.